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多一個S,小心變成罵人
Dec 19th 2013, 15:40, by 世界公民文化中心

常常有學生問,英文口語中多一個the或a,少一個s,一定要斤斤計較嗎? 如果從「溝通瞭解」的需要來說,大部份情況不必斤斤計較,講英文的時候,「自在感」比「正確性」重要。但還是有一些特例,差了一個字就完全不一樣,這些特例要特別記住了。所幸這樣的例子不多,我們來看四個例子:

1. Do you have the time?

很多人會直接解釋成「你有時間嗎?」,問人家有沒有時間,要用「Do you have time?」。

「Do you have the time? 」多了一個the,意思完全不一樣。這句等於「What time is it?」或「What time do you have?」是在問對方知不知道現在時間幾點幾分。the time因為有一個the,指的是特定時間,也就是此時此刻,this moment,所以當對方問Do you have the time? 指的是「你知道現在的時間嗎?」。

2. I need to change the room.

出差到飯店以後想換房,有人會直接說「I need to change the room.」聽到這句話的服務生一定會一頭霧水,因為這句話的意思是你想要改變房間—改變陳設或把房間弄得不一樣。類似的錯誤也發生在換工作,有人會說「I want to change the company.」這樣一來就變成你想改造/改變公司,別人一定以為你是老闆了,而不知道你原來想換公司。

換房間你可以說change rooms,從這一間到那一間,所以是複數。換工作呢?最簡單當然是change jobs, 也可以用career move或career change。

3. He called me names.

不要以為這是他叫我的名字,「Call someone names」是指「罵人」或「侮辱」,有一點像指名道姓一樣;注意,names用複數。「call someone's name」是指「呼喊某人的名字」,call 後面是用his/your/our或Peter's,而且name不加s。

比較這兩句:

He called him(bad)names. (他罵他。)bad也可省略,寫成 name-calling 時,name 用單數。

I called his name in the supermarket./I called him by his name.(我在超市叫他的名字)

★ 有錢人財富背後不為人知的秘密…
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